Categories of Arts| Interpretation of categories of arts with their history

"Arts acts as the provenance of creations and creations act as the builder of the well-being of mankind." This saying has been in the working order since the birth of visionary mankind.

Most of us consider the arts to be limited within some person, books, or specific shows. Isn't it? However in a broad sense or pure logical way, art is everywhere where there is some creativity. Didn't understood? let clear the confusion through going deep in it.

Generally, there are two types of arts:

#1 Visual arts

Creative art whose products are to be appreciated by sight, such as painting, sculpture, and film-making (as contrasted/differ with literature and music), is known as visual arts.

Furthermore, the sub-categories are :

1. Painting:

In Simple terms, Painting is the practice of applying paint, color or other segments over a solid surface to give it a destined shape or view.                                                       The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, can be used. The final work is also called a painting.                                                                                   The image on the left side of the text is the famous painting of Monalisa.  It had been believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506. For more inquiry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa

Etymology

From Middle English, borrowed from Old French peinter, paincter, itself from paint, the past participle of paindre, from Latin pingō (“to paint”) (perfect passive participle pictus).

History of painting: The oldest known paintings are at the Grotte Chauvet in France, which some historians believe is about 32,000 years old. They are engraved and painted using red ochre and black pigment, and they show horses, rhinoceros, lions, buffalo, mammoth, abstract designs, and what are possibly partial human figures. However, the earliest evidence of the act of painting has been discovered in two rock-shelters in Arnhem land, in northern Australia. In the lowest layer of material at these sites, there are used pieces of ochre estimated to be 60,000 years old. Archaeologists have also found a fragment of rock painting preserved in a limestone rock-shelter in the Kimberley region of North-Western Australia, which is dated 40,000 years old. There are examples of cave paintings all over the world—in Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, China, Australia, Mexico, etc. In Western cultures, oil painting and watercolor painting have rich and complex traditions in style and subject matter. In the East, ink and color ink historically predominated the choice of media, with equally rich and complex traditions.

The invention of photography had a major impact on painting. In the decades after the first photograph was produced in 1829, photographic processes improved and became more widely practiced, depriving painting of much of its historic purpose to provide an accurate record of the observable world. A series of art movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries—notably impressionism, Post-impressionism, Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, and Dadaism—challenged the Renaissance view of the world. Eastern and African paintings, however, continued a long history of stylization and did not undergo an equivalent transformation at the same time.

Modern and Contemporary arts have moved away from the historic value of craft and documentation in favor of the concept. This has not deterred the majority of living painters from continuing to practice painting either as a whole or part of their work. The vitality and versatility of painting in the 21st century defy the previous "declarations" of its demise. In an epoch characterized by the idea of pluralism, there is no consensus as to a representative style of the age. Artists continue to make important works of art in a wide variety of styles and aesthetic temperaments—their merits are left to the public and the marketplace to judge.

Cave painting of aurochs
, (French: Bos primigenius primigenius), Lascaux,
France, an example of prehistoric art

2. Sculpture:

The sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving and modeling, in stone, metal, ceramics, wood, and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modeling, or molded or cast.

Etymology: late Middle English: from Latin sculptura, from sculpere ‘carve’.

History: Rival masterpieces: 5th century BC

By one of the strange coincidences of history, the 5th century BC produces the first masterpieces in two incompatible styles of sculpture. Nearly 2500 years later, these styles become bitter rivals in the studios of our own time.

One is the classical realism which will prevail from the Renaissance to the end of the 19th century. The other is the sculpture of Africa, distorting human features and limbs in a dramatically expressive manner. African figures in this long and vibrant tradition inspire Picasso's experiments with Cubism, which launch the mainstream of modern art.

For more information visit: http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=bzt

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And Wikipedia page:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture#History 

3. Dramas:

Drama is a play that can be performed for theatre, radio, or even television. These plays are usually written out as a script, or a written version of a play that is read by the actors but not the audience. ... Drama, as in a play, is meant to be performed on a stage in front of an audience at the theatre.

Etymology: early 16th century: via late Latin from Greek drama, from dran ‘do, act’.

History:

Classical Greek drama

Western drama originates in classical Greece. The theatrical culture of the city-states of Athens produced three genres of drama: tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play Their origins remain obscure, though by the 5th century BC they were institutionalized in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating the god Dionysus. Historians know the names of many ancient Greek dramatists, not least Thespis, who is credited with the innovation of an actor ("hypokrites") who speaks (rather than sings) and impersonates a character (rather than speaking in his own person), while interacting with the chorus and its leader ("coryphaeus"), who were a traditional part of the performance of non-dramatic poetry (dithyrambic, lyric and epic). Only a small fraction of the work of five dramatists, however, has survived to this day: we have a small number of complete texts by the tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, and the comic writers Aristophanes and, from the late 4th century, Menander.^[13] Aeschylus' historical tragedy The Persians is the oldest surviving drama, although when it won first prize at the City Dionysia competition in 472 BC, he had been writing plays for more than 25 years. The competition ("agon") for tragedies may have begun as early as 534 BC; official records ("didaskaliai") begin from 501 BC when the satyr play was introduced. Tragic dramatists were required to present a tetralogy of plays (though the individual works were not necessarily connected by story or theme), which usually consisted of three tragedies and one satyr play (though exceptions were made, as with Euripides' Alcestis in 438 BC). Comedy was officially recognized with a prize in the competition from 487 to 486 BC.

Five comic dramatists competed at the City Dionysia (though during the Peloponnesian War this may have been reduced to three), each offering a single comedy. Ancient Greek comedy is traditionally divided between "old comedy" (5th century BC), "middle comedy" (4th century BC), and "new comedy" (late 4th century to 2nd BC).

Read more:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama

#2. Literature:

Literature, most generically, is anybody or collection of written works. More restrictively, literature refers to writing considered to be an art form or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value and sometimes deploys language in ways that differ from ordinary usage.

Literature is classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction, and whether it is poetry or prose. Fiction can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story, or drama; and such works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or genres.

Etymology: late Middle English (in the sense ‘knowledge of books’): via French from Latin litteratura, from littera

History: As with the wheel, cities, and law codes, the earliest examples of written literature appear to have originated in ancient Mesopotamia. The Sumerian civilization first developed writing around 3400 B.C., when they began making markings on clay tablets in a script known as cuneiform

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,
 one of the most prolific German writers

Read More on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_literature

Note: The categorization is just limited to general arts types. We didn't cover further because it will taste lengthy and infinite.